推荐阅读：1963年8月23日，马
1963年8月23日，马丁·路德·金组织了美国历史上影响深远的“自由进军”运动。他率领一支庞大的游行队伍向首都华盛顿进军，为全美国的黑人争取人权。他在林肯纪念堂前向25万人发表了著名的演说《我有一个梦想》，为反对种族歧视、争取平等发出呼号。马丁·路德·金1964年获诺贝尔和平奖。1968年4月4日他在田纳西州被暗杀。在演说中，他说出了著名的平等口号：我梦想有一天，这个国家将会奋起，实现其立国信条的真谛：“我们认为这些真理不证自明：人人生而平等。”ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed:"weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal."我梦想有一天，在佐治亚州的红色山岗上，昔日奴隶的儿子能够同昔日奴隶主的儿子同席而坐，亲如手足。ihaveadreamthatonedayontheredhillsofgeorgia,thesonsofformerslavesandthesonsofformerslaveownerswillbeabletositdowntogetheratthetableofbrotherhood.我梦想有一天，我的四个孩子将生活在一个不是以肤色的深浅，而是以品格的优劣作为评判标准的国家里。ihaveadreamthatmyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.演讲全文：ihaveadreambymartinlutherking,jr.iamhappytojoinwithyoutodayinwhatwillgodowninhistoryasthegreatestdemonstrationforfreedominthehistoryofournation.fivescoreyearsago,agreatamerican,inwhosesymbolicshadowwestandtoday,signedtheemancipationproclamation.thismomentousdecreecameasagreatbeaconlightofhopetomillionsofnegroslaveswhohadbeensearedintheflamesofwitheringinjustice.itcameasajoyousdaybreaktoendthelongnightoftheircaptivity.butonehundredyearslater,thenegrostillisnotfree.onehundredyearslater,thelifeofthenegroisstillsadlycrippledbythemanaclesofsegregationandthechainsofdiscrimination.onehundredyearslater,thenegrolivesonalonelyislandofpovertyinthemidstofavastoceanofmaterialprosperity.onehundredyearslater,thenegroisstilllanguishedinthecornersofamericansocietyandfindshimselfanexileinhisownland.andsowe'vecomeheretodaytodramatizeashamefulcondition.inasensewe'vecometoournation'scapitaltocashacheck.whenthearchitectsofourrepublicwrotethemagnificentwordsoftheconstitutionandthedeclarationofindependence,theyweresigningapromissorynotetowhicheveryamericanwastofallheir.thisnotewasapromisethatallmen,yes,blackmenaswellaswhitemen,wouldbeguaranteedthe"unalienablerights"of"life,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness."itisobvioustodaythatamericahasdefaultedonthispromissorynote,insofarashercitizensofcolorareconcerned.insteadofhonoringthissacredobligation,americahasgiventhenegropeopleabadcheck,acheckwhichhascomebackmarked"insufficientfunds."butwerefusetobelievethatthebankofjusticeisbankrupt.werefusetobelievethatthereareinsufficientfundsinthegreatvaultsofopportunityofthisnation.andso,we'vecometocashthischeck,acheckthatwillgiveusupondemandtherichesoffreedomandthesecurityofjustice.wehavealsocometothishallowedspottoremindamericaofthefierceurgencyofnow.thisisnotimetoengageintheluxuryofcoolingoffortotakethetranquilizingdrugofgradualism.nowisthetimetomakerealthepromisesofdemocracy.nowisthetimetorisefromthedarkanddesolatevalleyofsegregationtothesunlitpathofracialjustice.nowisthetimetoliftournationfromthequicksandsofracialinjusticetothesolidrockofbrotherhood.nowisthetimetomakejusticearealityforallofgod'schildren.itwouldbefatalforthenationtooverlooktheurgencyofthemoment.thisswelteringsummerofthenegro'slegitimatediscontentwillnotpassuntilthereisaninvigoratingautumnoffreedomandequality.nineteensixty-threeisnotanend,butabeginning.andthosewhohopethatthenegroneededtoblowoffsteamandwillnowbecontentwillhavearudeawakeningifthenationreturnstobusinessasusual.andtherewillbeneitherrestnortranquilityinamericauntilthenegroisgrantedhiscitizenshiprights.thewhirlwindsofrevoltwillcontinuetoshakethefoundationsofournationuntilthebrightdayofjusticeemerges.butthereissomethingthatimustsaytomypeople,whostandonthewarmthresholdwhichleadsintothepalaceofjustice:intheprocessofgainingourrightfulplace,wemustnotbeguiltyofwrongfuldeeds.letusnotseektosatisfyourthirstforfreedombydrinkingfromthecupofbitternessandhatred.wemustforeverconductourstruggleonthehighplaneofdignityanddiscipline.wemustnotallowourcreativeprotesttodegenerateintophysicalviolence.againandagain,wemustrisetothemajesticheightsofmeetingphysicalforcewithsoulforce.themarvelousnewmilitancywhichhasengulfedthenegrocommunitymustnotleadustoadistrustofallwhitepeople,formanyofourwhitebrothers,asevidencedbytheirpresenceheretoday,havecometorealizethattheirdestinyistiedupwithourdestiny.andtheyhavecometorealizethattheirfreedomisinextricablyboundtoourfreedom.wecannotwalkalone.andaswewalk,wemustmakethepledgethatweshallalwaysmarchahead.wecannotturnback.therearethosewhoareaskingthedevoteesofcivilrights,"whenwillyoubesatisfied?"wecanneverbesatisfiedaslongasthenegroisthevictimoftheunspeakablehorrorsofpolicebrutality.wecanneverbesatisfiedaslongasourbodies,heavywiththefatigueoftravel,cannotgainlodginginthemotelsofthehighwaysandthehotelsofthecities.wecannotbesatisfiedaslongasanegroinmississippicannotvoteandanegroinnewyorkbelieveshehasnothingforwhichtovote.no,no,wearenotsatisfied,andwewillnotbesatisfieduntil"justicerollsdownlikewaters,andrighteousnesslikeamightystream."iamnotunmindfulthatsomeofyouhavecomehereoutofgreattrialsandtribulations.someofyouhavecomefreshfromnarrowjailcells.andsomeofyouhavecomefromareaswhereyourquest--questforfreedomleftyoubatteredbythestormsofpersecutionandstaggeredbythewindsofpolicebrutality.youhavebeentheveteransofcreativesuffering.continuetoworkwiththefaiththatunearnedsufferingisredemptive.gobacktomississippi,gobacktoalabama,gobacktosouthcarolina,gobacktogeorgia,gobacktolouisiana,gobacktotheslumsandghettosofournortherncities,knowingthatsomehowthissituationcanandwillbechanged.letusnotwallowinthevalleyofdespair,isaytoyoutoday,myfriends.andsoeventhoughwefacethedifficultiesoftodayandtomorrow,istillhaveadream.itisadreamdeeplyrootedintheamericandream.ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed:"weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal."ihaveadreamthatonedayontheredhillsofgeorgia,thesonsofformerslavesandthesonsofformerslaveownerswillbeabletositdowntogetheratthetableofbrotherhood.ihaveadreamthatonedayeventhestateofmississippi,astateswelteringwiththeheatofinjustice,swelteringwiththeheatofoppression,willbetransformedintoanoasisoffreedomandjustice.ihaveadreamthatmyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.ihaveadreamtoday!ihaveadreamthatoneday,downinalabama,withitsviciousracists,withitsgovernorhavinghislipsdrippingwiththewordsof"interposition"and"nullification"--onedayrightthereinalabamalittleblackboysandblackgirlswillbeabletojoinhandswithlittlewhiteboysandwhitegirlsassistersandbrothers.ihaveadreamtoday!ihaveadreamthatonedayeveryvalleyshallbeexalted,andeveryhillandmountainshallbemadelow,theroughplaceswillbemadeplain,andthecrookedplaceswillbemadestraight;"andthegloryofthelordshallberevealedandallfleshshallseeittogether."?thisisourhope,andthisisthefaiththatigobacktothesouthwith.withthisfaith,wewillbeabletohewoutofthemountainofdespairastoneofhope.withthisfaith,wewillbeabletotransformthejanglingdiscordsofournationintoabeautifulsymphonyofbrotherhood.withthisfaith,wewillbeabletoworktogether,topraytogether,tostruggletogether,togotojailtogether,tostandupforfreedomtogether,knowingthatwewillbefreeoneday.andthiswillbetheday--thiswillbethedaywhenallofgod'schildrenwillbeabletosingwithnewmeaning:mycountry'tisofthee,sweetlandofliberty,oftheeising.landwheremyfathersdied,landofthepilgrim'spride,fromeverymountainside,letfreedomring!andifamericaistobeagreatnation,thismustbecometrue.andsoletfreedomringfromtheprodigioushilltopsofnewhampshire.letfreedomringfromthemightymountainsofnewyork.letfreedomringfromtheheighteningallegheniesofpennsylvania.letfreedomringfromthesnow-cappedrockiesofcolorado.letfreedomringfromthecurvaceousslopesofcalifornia.butnotonlythat:letfreedomringfromstonemountainofgeorgia.letfreedomringfromlookoutmountainoftennessee.letfreedomringfromeveryhillandmolehillofmississippi.fromeverymountainside,letfreedomring.andwhenthishappens,whenweallowfreedomring,whenweletitringfromeveryvillageandeveryhamlet,fromeverystateandeverycity,wewillbeabletospeedupthatdaywhenallofgod'schildren,blackmenandwhitemen,jewsandgentiles,protestantsandcatholics,willbeabletojoinhandsandsinginthewordsoftheoldnegrospiritual:freeatlast!freeatlast!thankgodalmighty,wearefreeatlast!
